Introduction to Probability - Charles Miller Grinstead, James Laurie Snell - Google Books

http://books.google.de/books?id=14oq4uWGCkwC&pg=PA31

Probability theory began in seventeenth century France when the two great French mathematicians, Blaise Pascal and Pierre de Fermat, corresponded over two problems from games of chance. Problems like those Pascal and Fermat solved continued to influence…