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Bohai 渤海 (www.chinaknowledge.de)

http://www.chinaknowledge.de/History/Altera/bohai.html

Bohai 渤海 was a native state in the north of modern Manchuria (modern province of Heilongjiang). It flourished during 8th and 9th centuries and was a tributary state to the Tang empire (618-907) in China.

Rouran 柔然 (www.chinaknowledge.de)

http://www.chinaknowledge.de/History/Altera/rouran.html

The Rourans 柔然 (sometimes translated as Avars) were a nomad people living in the northern steppe zone during the 5th and 6th centuries CE. They were believed to belong to the Eastern Hu 東胡 and to be related to the Xianbei 鮮卑. Some Chinese historians said…

The Red Eyebrows 赤眉 and the Lulin 綠林 uprising (www.chinaknowledge.de)

http://www.chinaknowledge.de/History/Terms/chimei.html

The so-called Red Eyebrows (Chimei 赤眉) and the rebels of Lulin were a large group of peasant insurgents that disturbed the local governments of the Xin dynasty 新 (8-22 CE) and so contributed to the downfall of the usurper Wang Mang 王莽.

Chinese Literature - Siku quanshu 四庫全書 (www.chinaknowledge.de)

http://www.chinaknowledge.de/Literature/Science/sikuquanshu.html

The Siku quanshu 四庫全書 is one of the largest traditional collections of Chinese literature. It was issued on imperial decree and compiled during the late 18th century.

The Regional State of Wei 魏 (www.chinaknowledge.de)

http://www.chinaknowledge.de/History/Zhou/rulers-wei.html

Wei 魏 was a regional state of the Zhou period 周 (11th cent.-221 BCE). It emerged as a separate state when lateral branches of the house of Jin 晉 extinguished the main branch and divided its territory into three, namely Wei, Han 韓 and Zhao 趙. Wei played an…

Xiongnu 匈奴 (www.chinaknowledge.de)

http://www.chinaknowledge.de/History/Altera/xiongnu.html

The Xiongnu 匈奴 were a nomad people living north and northwest of China during the Qin 秦 (221-206 BC) and Han 漢 (206 BCE-220 CE) periods.

The Regional State of Lu 魯 (www.chinaknowledge.de)

http://www.chinaknowledge.de/History/Zhou/rulers-lu.html

The state of Lu 魯 was a regional state of the Zhou period 周 (11th cent.-221 BCE). As a small state in the eastern fringes of the Central Plain, it had always to cope with the ambitions of the larger states of the south and the north, especially Qi and Chu.…

The Regional State of Zhao 趙 (www.chinaknowledge.de)

http://www.chinaknowledge.de/History/Zhou/rulers-zhao.html

Zhao 趙 was a regional state of the Zhou period 周 (11th cent.-221 BCE). It emerged as a separate state when several noble families of Jin 晉 extinguished the ducal house and divided its territory into three, namely Wei 魏, Han 韓 and Zhao 趙. Zhao played an…

wujue 五爵 (www.chinaknowledge.de)

http://chinaknowledge.de/History/Terms/wujue.html

The five ranks of nobility (wujue 五爵) in ancient China.

Mengzi 孟子 (www.chinaknowledge.de)

http://www.chinaknowledge.de/Literature/Classics/mengzi.html

Mengzi 孟子 is a collection of stories of the Confucian philosopher Meng Ke 孟軻 (385–304 or 372–289 BCE) and his discussions with rulers, disciples and adversaries. It is part of the Confucian Canon as one of the Four Books (Sishu 四書).

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