Graffiti L.A.: street styles and art - Steve Grody - Google Books

https://books.google.de/books?id=hBvrAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA87&dq=DAIM#v=onepage

Long before graffiti was adopted as the visual expression of hip-hop culture in the 1980s, Chicano gang members in East Los Angeles had been developing stylized calligraphy and writing on walls. "Cholo" (gangster) scripts became the first distinctive…